TRANSITIONAL AND PRE-TRANSITIONAL DISKS: GAP OPENING BY MULTIPLE PLANETS?

Gap Formation by Planets in Turbulent Protostellar Disks

The processes of planet formation and migration depend intimately on the interaction between planetesimals and the gaseous disks in which they form. The formation of gaps in the disk can severely limit the mass of the planet and its migration toward the protostar. We investigate the process of gap formation through magnetohydrodynamic simulations in which internal stress arises self-consistentl...

Access to Reproduction in Pre-transitional Europe

Effects of photophoresis on the evolution of transitional circumstellar disks

Although known for almost a century, the photophoretic force has only recently been considered in astrophysical context for the first time. In our work, we have examined the effect of photophoresis, acting together with stellar gravity, radiation pressure, and gas drag, on the evolution of solids in transitional circumstellar disks. We have applied our calculations to four different systems: th...

Government and Fertility in Transitional and Post-Transitional Societies

Transitional vortices in wide-gap spherical annulus flow

We develop a semianalytic formulation suitable for solving the Navier-Stokes equations governing the induced steady, axially symmetric motion of an incompressible viscous fluid confined in a wide gap between two differentially rotating concentric spheres. The method is valid for arbitrarily high Reynolds number and aids in the presentation of multiple steady-state flow patterns and their bifurc...